The main components of cationic slow cracking asphalt emulsifier include main emulsifier, acid regulator, stabilizer, and auxiliary additives. Its design purpose is to slowly emulsify emulsified asphalt at room temperature, suitable for prime coat, tack coat, or mixing construction (such as cold regeneration). The following are the specific ingredients and functions:
1. Main emulsifier (cationic surfactant)
Slow cracking emulsifiers typically use long-chain amines or quaternary ammonium salts to reduce surface tension and delay demulsification time
(1) Fatty amine
Octadecylamine (stearylamine) (C18H37NH ₂) and its hydrochloride/acetate salts
Tallow amine (C16-C18 mixed amine)
(2) Amide amine
N-alkylpropanediamine (such as N-cocoyl-1,3-propanediamine)
Acyl polyamines (modified with ethylene oxide/propylene oxide to enhance hydrophilicity)
(3) Quaternary ammonium salts
Double octadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODMAC)
Alkyl trimethylammonium chloride (such as C16-C18)
Features: Long carbon chains (C16-C22) provide hydrophobicity and delay emulsion breaking; Amine or quaternary ammonium groups provide cationic charges and adsorb onto the surface of the stone material.
2. Acid regulator
(1) Maintain the acidity of the system (pH=2-5), ensure the solubility and stability of cationic emulsifiers:
(2) Inorganic acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
(3) Organic acids: acetic acid (acetic acid), citric acid (commonly used in environmentally friendly formulas)
3. Stabilizers
(1) Prevent storage stratification and extend the shelf life of emulsified asphalt (usually requiring ≥ 1 month):
(2) Inorganic salts: Calcium chloride (CaCl ₂), ammonium chloride (NH ₄ Cl) - compressed double layer to enhance particle stability
(3) Polymer compound: Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
(4) Polyacrylamide (PAM, cationic)
(5) Coupling agent: Silane coupling agent (improves adhesion with aggregates)
4. Auxiliary additives
(1) Solvent: ethanol or isopropanol (insoluble amine, accounting for 5% -10%)
(2) Anti aging agent: hindered phenols (such as BHT)
(3) Viscosity regulator: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
